Crisis Balochistan | Dec 15, 2010

Interview By Karlos Zurutuza

"Since the division of our territory in three we have faced terrible episodes of repression."

A former MP during Najibullah´s rule and president of the Afghan Trade Unions of Afghanistan for more than ten years afterwards, Mr. Purdely is today one of the main advocates for the Baloch language and culture in Afghanistan, a work he conducts from his position at the Centre for Regional Studies of Afghanistan.

Abdul Sattar Purdley

What is the security situation for the Baloch in Nimroz and Helmand provinces?

Helmand is far from being under Kabul´s control and the local population, whether they are Baloch, Pashtun or Tajik, are suffering the most direct consequences of this war. The situation in Nimroz is a bit better. Zaranj, the provincial capital, is under the control of Kabul but NATO is not present except for a small military presence in Delaram district, on the opposite side of the borders with West and East Balochistan. Neither is there a PRT (Provintial Reconstruction Team). The Taliban are in control of Delaram, Khashrod and the border area with Pakistan. Travelling by road is still very dangerous in Nimroz and the Baloch are an easy target for the Taliban there.

Does the tribal system apply to North Balochistan?

The tribal system is alive in Nimroz and Helmand, being the main tribes the Rakhshani, the Narui, and the Brahui. Ours is a very backward region in Afghanistan that lives on agriculture but has serious water problems because Iran is controlling the water traffic.

Switching to cultural issues, when did the Baluch language and culture start to get support in Afghanistan?

Daud´s dictatorship (1973-78) witnessed the first radio programs in Balochi. Two months after his fall, a TV channel in our language was set in Nimroz (North Balochistan). Under the control of the Russians, we had six hours of radio in Balochi for the entire country and fully in Balochi in Nimroz. It was also then when we printed the first newspapers and books in our language. According to the census conducted at that time by the Soviets conducted, the Baloch in Nimroz comprise over a 64% of the population.

What happened during the Taliban regime?

After the fall of the Communist Government there was a sharp cultural decline in the country. Those years marked a blow not only to Baloch culture, but for culture as a whole. The repression was brutal against us because, among other things, we are moderate Muslims, far away from the Salafist ideology. I myself was taken prisoner by the Taliban so I took refuge in Western Balochistan and did not come back until 2002.

Have things improved for the Afghan Baloch since then?

We had to start from the very ashes so it was not difficult. When I came back we set up Nimroz Carawan (Organization for Baluch culture and language) and we´ve been working from this platform ever since. Today, however, we only have a 5% TV quota for Balochi in Nimroz and no more than half an hour radio a day. Accordingly, the former department for the Baloch language at the Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan has been removed. On a positive note, the Government started publishing Baloch language school books for the children in Nimroz and the Baluch villages in Helmand two years ago. I myself have written the 7th, 8 th and 9th grade ones.

Abdul Sattar Purdely displays Balochi language publications

What is the current situation of the Baloch language in Afghanistan?

We estimate there are between one million and a half and two million Baluch in Afghanistan but not all of them speak Balochi. Those in Kandahar, Wardak, Uruzgan and Balkh provinces speak Pashtun while the Baloch in Kunduz, Badakhshan, Takhar and Dai Kundi speak Dari (local variant of Persian). Today only those in the provinces of Helmand and Nimroz speak Balochi.

Balochi language publications

Are you in touch with the Baloch from West and East Balochistan?

Our contacts are mainly at an individual level because our families are divided by those artificial borders but we do share our TV and radio programs in Balochi with our people in the east. When we organized our seminar on Baloch language and Culture at the Centre for Regionals Studies in Afghanistan, we had Mir Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo´s son as a guest speaker. We also have a fluent communication with Attaullah Mengal.

Did you ever meet the Marris during their exile in Afghanistan?

Of course! I met Khair Bakhsh Marri and his family 1981 for the first time. He was in Helmand and I was in Kabul but we used to gather at the weekends. The Marris and the Bugtis have always suffered a terrible pogrom in the east so a lot of them came here.

How do you foresee the future of your people in Afghanistan?

Since the division of our territory in three we have faced terrible episodes of repression by the hegemonic groups in the region: the Persians in Iran, the Punjabis in Pakistan and the Taliban here, in Afghanistan. Northern Baluch have always had good relations with the rest of the nations in the country, especially the Hazaras. The wife of one of the main Hazara leader is Baloch herself. We are small nation inside Afghanistan but we have demonstrated that we can live together with Pashtuns, Hazaras, Tajik and Uzbek neighbours.

Karlos Zurutuza is a freelance journalist covering off-the-radar conflict regions in the Caucasus and Central Asia. He was awarded the Nawab Bugti Reporting Award 2009 for his reporting on the Baloch areas in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran.